2023年托福听力考试真题详情一览（9月25日） 10月12日托福阅读考试真题及答案

最近经常有小伙伴私信询问2023年托福听力考试真题详情一览（9月25日） 10月12日托福阅读考试真题及答案相关的问题，今天，蜕变培训网小编整理了以下内容，希望可以对大家有所帮助。

本文目录一览：

• 1、2023年托福听力考试真题详情一览（9月25日）
• 2、托福阅读TPO13(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:TypesofSocialGroups
• 3、2019年10月12日托福阅读考试真题及答案

2023年托福听力考试真题详情一览（9月25日）

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！
9月25日的托福考试现在也完成了，有许多的学生对于这次考试的真题内容比较感兴趣，想要从中掌握托福备考的方法。那么小钟老师就给大家来讲讲9月25日托福听力考试的真题内容吧。
2023年9月25日托福听力真题：
对话：
1、professor要退休了，想给他办个party，和关于新老师的印象；
2、关于学生问老师讨论能否用音乐为基础编舞，和一个以音乐编舞而受欢迎的音乐家；
3、学生的爸妈来学校看他，要订房间。
讲座：
1、 文学，文学作品对比。
2、艺术，拉菲奥画作的真假。
3、数学，物体如何摆放才能腾出多的空间摆更多。
4、天文学，太阳系和太阳系外的星系的差别以及为何产生这种差别。
5、考古
6、地质，板块的运动；
7、超导体
8、心理学，many decision很energy cost
托福听力考试的提升：
若想达到真正没有一点停顿的听懂TOEFL听力的内容，亦或是和老外进行无障碍交流，第一需要Maintain your composure and your confidence，即表示保持冷静和自信，一定别由于一个地方未来得及反应，便慌了手脚。良好的心理素质对于听力实力的培养和提高相当关键。
在TOEFL听力的过程里，需要学着按照语言传达的信息Make pictures and images， 也就是说：将抽象的文字慢慢变成一些形象的图画，出现到自己的脑海里。有了连续的动态图像的帮助，这方便大家避开“直接翻译的无序性”，从而抓住TOEFL表达的主干工非旁支末节
托福听力考试要准备的：
1、词汇
任何语言的学习都是以单词为基础的，托福考试当然跳不过这一关。但是由于托福听力考试本身不涉及单词拼写，考生可以把重点放在单词读音和意思的辨认上，尽量扩大自己的词汇量，只记基础词汇拼写。
2、题型
托福听力考试题型上的最大特点就是通篇选择，没有任何单词拼写的风险，因此初次接触考试的同学可能会抱着大不了一猜的＇心态，认为题型上难度不大。但是别忘了托福听力机考的特点是先听文章再做题目，并没有提前预览的机会，因此考生在听文章前对内容几乎是完全没有概念的，会有些盲目。只有了解托福听力的出题特点，才能在听文章时把握好重点，记录有效信息。托福听力中的选择题型可以分为传统的单选题和多选题，以及相对新颖的配对排序题三种。各种题型将会考到学生对文章基本信息的理解，对所给情景的理解以及整合信息的能力。单选题为四选一，多选题一般需要选择2-3个正确选项，而配对排序题考到的内容一般比较细节。比较特殊的选择性题目有原音复现题，从理论上来说这类题目的原文考生是听了两遍，但事实上第一遍时考生并不清楚考点所在，考生在做原音复现题时就一定得好好把握文章中言下之意。
3、精听
无论何种形式的听力考试，精听都是最能从根本上提高听力能力的练习方式。考生在做听力时容易出现这么几个问题：
（1）无法整句理解。由于词汇和语法知识的欠缺，很多考生在听文章时往往只能抓住个别单词词组，再加上自己的猜测来进行理解，这么做会造成理解不到位或者错误的发生，有时多想一秒钟也会影响到下文。
（2）记忆容量不够。听后忘前是最容易发生的情况。
（3）笔头不快。考生记笔记时手忙脚乱，想记这个又舍不得那个，最终写下的内容都是鸡肋。精听练习要求考生听一句记一句，单句太长也可根据意群来做停顿。长期这样的练习可以有效解决以上三个问题，巩固了单词，全面提高听力能力。

希望以上的答复能对您的留学申请有所帮助。如果您有任何更详细的问题或需要进一步的协助，我强烈推荐您访问我们的留学官方网站 ，在那里您可以找到更多专业的留学考试规划和留学资料以及一对一的咨询服务。祝您留学申请顺利！

托福阅读TPO13(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:TypesofSocialGroups

为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO13(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Types of Social Groups，希望大家喜欢!

托福阅读原文

Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction—and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.

People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.

Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.

A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.

Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. First, primary groups are critical to the socialization process. Within them, infants and children are introduced to the ways of their society. Such groups are the breeding grounds in which we acquire the norms and values that equip us for social life. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.

Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs. Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an overall sense of well-being. Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary ties has implications for the group's functioning. For example, the stronger the primary group ties of a sports team playing together, the better their record is.

Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from our behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.

托福阅读试题

1.The word “complex”(Paragraph 1)in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.delicate

B.elaborate

C.private

D.common

2.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship?

A. It is a structure of associations with many people.

B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction.

C. It places great demands on people.

D. It develops gradually overtime.

3.The word endowing in the passage(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to

A.leaving

B.exposing

C. providing

D. understanding

4.Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author's mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2?

A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate.

B.Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties.

C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance.

D.Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant.

5.According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups?

A.Primary groups consist of people working together, while secondary groups exist outside of work settings.

B. In primary groups people are seen as means, while in secondary groups people are seen as ends.

C. Primary groups involve personal relationships, while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose.

D.Primary groups are generally small, while secondary groups often contain more than two people.

6.Which of the following can be inferred from the author's claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?

A.Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships.

B.A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship.

C.Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.

D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships.

7.The phrase “size up” in the passage(Paragraph 4)is closest in meaning to

A.enlarge

B.evaluate

C. impress

D. accept

8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence(Paragraph 5)in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Sociologists think that cultural patterns establish connections between the individual and the larger society.

B.Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society and primary groups.

C.Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a society's cultural patterns.

D.Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide social solidarity arise as bridges from primary groups.

9.This passage is developed primarily by

A.drawing comparisons between theory and practice

B.presenting two opposing theories

C.defining important concepts and providing examples of them

D.discussing causes and their effects

10.The word “deviate” in the passage(Paragraph 7)is closest in meaning to

A.detract

B.advance

C.select

D.depart

11.According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?

A.To enforce practice of the kinds of behavior acceptable to the group

B.To discourage offending individuals from remaining in the group

C.To commend and reward the behavior of the other members of the group

D.To decide which behavioral norms should be passed on to the next generation

12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. People who do not live alone, for example, tend to make healthier life choices and develop fewer pathologies than people who live by themselves. Where would the sentence best fit?

Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs. ■【A】Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an overall sense of well-being. ■【B】Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary ties has implications for the group's functioning. ■【C】For example, the stronger the primary group ties of a sports team playing together, the better their record is. ■【D】

13.Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.

A.Developing socially acceptable behavior

B. Working together against competitors

C.Experiencing pressure from outside forces

D.Viewing people as a means to an end

E.Existing for practical purposes

F.Providing meaning for life situations

G.Involving close relationships

1 )

Primary Groups

A B C D E F G

2 ) 蜕变培训网

Secondary Groups

A B C D E F G

托福 阅读答案

1.complex复杂的，所以B的elaborate正确。原句说生活把我们放在什么样的与其他人的关系网中，因为很多人，所以关系网比较复杂正确。A的delicate脆弱的，纤细的，美味的;C的私人和D的普通都不靠谱

2.以relationship做关键词定位至最后一句，注意relationships不能做关键词，因为多次重复出现。原句说当这种association持续的时间足够长以至于两个人之间已经形成了稳定的expectation，就叫relationship，所以D说随时间develop正确。A的many people，B的study，C的demand都没说

3.endow赋予，捐助，所以provide提供，供给正确。原句说有时候我们与其他人合作只是做完某事，却没有任何significance，猜到这个词应该是有的意思，只有provide和leave表示有，但leave是剩下，所以不对。至于B暴露D理解完全不对

4.以competitor做关键词定位至倒数第二句，说偶尔这意味着与竞争对手合作而非竞争，而这个this意味着这句话跟前一句有联系。前一句说instrumental ties是我们在与别人合作达到某种目的的时候形成的，这与A说的通常不合作的人也有形成instrumental完全一样。B没说，C与原文的第三句说反，D与原文最后一句说反

5.分别以primary group和secondary group做关键词定位至第二句和第四句，分别说了两个group，primary的是比较亲密的，secondary是因为事先某种共同的目的才形成的，所以答案是C。A错，不是用work来区分这两个group的;两者同样不是以人数区分的，所以D错;C的end不end是原文在后面才说的，也不能区分这两个group

6.以evolve out of做关键词定位至倒数第三句，但这句话跟问题几乎是完全一样的，所以不是答案。往后看，this标示着上下句之间有联系。下句说这种evolve发生在工作背景下，接着说同事之间可以通过share各种东西变成非常亲密的朋友，也就是secondary变primary 的一个例子，所以正确答案是D。A说反;B和C均没说而且C有违常识

7.size up估量，估计，所以正确答案是B的evaluate。原句说面对面交流使得我们能够怎么样别人，评价别人是正确的。A的扩大别人明显是不对的。原文没说接受别人，也没说给别人留下印象，所以都不对

8.原文的结构是sociologist把primary group看成blabla，因为blabla。只有C表达了原因，A缺了原文的很多信息，错;B和D都缺失了原文很重要的because部分，所以都是错的

9.问本文的组织结构，问全文的题应该多关注各段的开头。原文首先提出了两个关系，然后又说expressive tie和instrumental tie，最后又说了primary group产生的条件。叙述两类关系用的笔墨明显不等，所以不是对比，所以B不对，A的理论和实践原文完全没说，而且也说到了对比，也不对;D的因果是原文完全没说的。作者定义了两个group和两个tie，所以C说定义概念是对的，而且作者在定义概念之后都有解释，所以C正确

10.deviate偏离，出轨，所以正确答案是D的depart偏离。原句说一旦奖励不行，group的成员可以威胁排斥那些怎么样规则的人，肯定是对规则不好的人，所以advance和中性的select不对;detract表示减损或者转移，跟depart所表示的离经叛道是两个意思，所以不对

11.以shunning做关键词定位至第四句，说人们会用shunning吧离经叛道的人弄回来，但没给出原因。这句中的for example说明是上句的例子，前面一句说如果奖励不行，我们就排斥那些不守规矩的人，所以一切都是为了强化规则，答案是A。B说不鼓励冒犯group当中的人，原文没说冒犯人;C的reward和D的next generation都没说

12.两个过渡点，分别是连词for example和名词healthier life choices，根据for example排除C和D，因为原文也有for example，而正常说话的时候两个for example是不连续使用的;而且根据healthier life choices跟原文中sense of well-being的同义替换也可以确定是A或者B，但A点后的them与前文衔接紧密，所以答案是B

13.此题不典型，因为作者用了 文章 的第四到七段较大篇幅讲primary，却只用了第二和第三段的部分讲到secondary，而且本文对于两个group的叙述存在交叉，交叉的部分主要在第二三两段，但这两段的叙述也是先primary后secondary，所以顺序性还是有的。第三段的四五两句分别对应existing和viewing两个答案，所以这两个答案属于secondary;第二段和第三段的第三句对应providing答案，第三段第二句对应involving答案，最后一段的第三句和第四句对应developing选项，结合11题的答案很容易选出这项

托福阅读译文

我们和他人一起生活在一个复杂的关系网中。我们的人性就产生于这种社会性的互动关系中，与此同时，我们的人性也必须通过经常性的社会互动才能得以维持。当两个人在比较稳定的期望值下的交流时间足够长并且形成一种联系时，这种联系就可以称为关系。

人与人之间的关系可以分为两种：情感纽带和工具纽带。情感纽带是当我们做情感投资并致力于他人的一种社会关系。通过和对我们来说十分重要的人交流从而得到安全感、爱情、认同、友谊以及个人价值等一系列情感。工具纽带是我们为达到某种目的而与他人进行合作时产生的社会联系方式。有些时候，这也许意味着变相与竞争者共事。更多的时候我们没有发展出任何更有意义的关系而只是简单的与他人合作达成目的。

社会学家基于情感纽带与工具纽带区别，将社会群体划分成两类：主要群体和次要群体。一个主要群体包含两个以上成员，他们彼此之间的关系是直接的,亲密的,聚合性的。情感纽带在主要社群中起主导作用，我们把人们自身看做目标和人们自己权利的价值。次要群体也是由两个以上成员组成，他们因非个人关系聚到一起都是为了一个特定的,实际的目标而努力。工具纽带在次要群体中起了重要的作用。我们把人自身看做是人目标的途径而不是人们自己权利的目标。有时主要群体的关系也会在次要群体中演化而来。这种现象在工作环境中时有发生。工作伙伴在共事过程中会彼此分享抱怨、玩笑、八卦以及满足感，由此也会发展出亲近的关系。

很多情况也会增加主要群体出现的可能性。首先，群体的规模非常重要。我们很难去了解那些散布在大群体中的某个人。而在小群体中我们有更多机会发起联系并与他人建立关系。第二，面对面的交流能让我们更好地了解彼此。与他人近距离接触和交谈可以更好地交流情感和思想。第三，频繁持续的交流也能增加我们发展主要群体的可能性。我们与他人的联系会随着我们与他人的互动时间而加深，并逐渐演化出连锁的习惯和兴趣。

主要群体是人与人之间乃至整个社会的基础。首先，主要群体在社会化进程中至关重要。在主要群体里，婴儿与孩童可以学习处世方式。这种群体是我们社会生活必备规范和价值的培养地。社会学家将主要群体比作独立个体与整个社会之间的桥梁，因为它能传达,调解并解读一个社会的 文化 模式，提供一种归属感有助于社会团结。

其次，主要群体之所以是基础是因为它能提供满足我们大多数人需求的环境。在主要群体中，我们可以收获友情、爱情、安全感以及所有幸福的情感。社会学家发现一个群体的主要纽带的强弱往往暗示着这个群体的功能，这不足为奇。例如，一个体育团队的主要群体纽带越强，他们就越容易取得好成绩。

第三，主要群体之所以是基础还因为他们充当了强有力的社会调控工具。群体中的成员掌控并分配能够维持我们生存的极其重要的资源。如果奖励方式不当，群体内成员就会通过拒绝或威胁来摒弃那些背离群体规范的人，例如，一些社会群体采取规避 措施 (人可以留在群体中，但禁止其他成员与其交流)，从而将特定群体中逾矩的个体慢慢同化与他人一致。更重要的是，主要群体通过构筑我们的 经验 来定义社会现实。他们根据我们的行为来定义我们的处境，以遵循群体分配的意义。因此，主要群体既是社会规范的载体同时也是社会规范的实施者。

2019年10月12日托福阅读考试真题及答案

刚过去的托福考试相信大家都很感兴趣，题目有多难？答案是怎样的？就跟着的我来一起看一看2019年10月12日托福阅读考试真题及答案。

概述

Distribution of Seaweeds（重复14年4月19日考题）

Early life-forms and Earth’satmosphere（重复14年6月15日考题）

Colonial America and the NavigationActs（重复15年3月7日考题）

Historical Trends in European UrbanDesign（重复15年4月18日考题）

Artisans in Sixteenth-CenturyEurope（重复15年1月10日考题）

Wool Industry in Fifteenth-CenturyEurope（重复16年2月28日和18年3月10日考题）

Insect Wings（重复16年5月22日和17年10月29日考题，昆虫翅膀。P1引入话题，翅膀化石，引发很多猜测speculation；P2讲了原始翅膀protowings，提出了一个theory，讲了翅膀的作用；P3指出上一段理论问题，说protowing需要和身体连接hinged，并且需要有肌肉控制翅膀的拍动，所以提出了另外一个理论解释翅膀的起源。）

Dynastic Egypt and the Nile River（重复17年5月20日考题）

The Origin and Development ofEgyptian Agriculture（重复18年9月9日考题）

The Dawn of Life（重复18年9月16日考题）

The Heavy Bombardment and Life onEarth（重复18年1月6日下午考题）

Nile Floods（重复18年9月9日考题）

Text in Dutch Painting（重复19年1月12日考题；艺术绘画中文字的演变）

The Dawn ofLife（重复18年9月16日考题）

最早的有生命痕迹的证据在澳大利亚southwesternGreenland的岩石上被发现，距今有35亿年。关于生命起源有很多理论：达尔文的观点是：生命起源于a ＂warm little pond， with all sorts of chemicalreactions.＂ 另一些科学家的观点是：生命起源于海洋里；还有的认为生命起源于靠近海底火山的hotvents里面；另一些人认为生命可能来自于外太空，比如火星。

生命来自外太空的想法有一些可行性。一些微生物可能埋在太空中的行星中，通过行星撞击和陨石的方式来到地球上。因为埋在行星深处，所以他们可以避免外太空的伤害。然后可以得以保存最后到达地球上。最可能的一个假说是生命来自火星。

为什么是火星呢？因为火星比地球小，而且大概比地球形成的时间要早。火星刚形成的时候温度比现在高，地表大气比现在要更thicker， 而且火星上有少量的水。在最初形成的时候，火星和地球上都经历了很多行星撞击，而且很多时候有些行星撞击到地球上后的喷溅物可能又回到火星上。两个星球接受到的撞击物大概是类似的。但是地球上的水比较多，撞击到海洋里会形成很大的热量，海水温度会过高杀死一些微生物。但是火星上水比较少，就避免了这种问题。所以最初的生命可能在火星上形成然后通过行星撞击的方式来到地球。但是这些都是假说，现在也没有发现证据表明这些理论。但是火星上因为撞击比较多，现在表层都是撞击的痕迹。所以如果有生命，可能在 surface下面的深处

真题回顾

Artisans in Sixteenth-CenturyEurope（重复15年1月10日考题）

Paragraph 3

Raw materials， not equipment， constituted artisans’major expense in most traders， however.  ■Whereas in 1583 an Antwerp silkweaver paid 12 guilders for a loom

（and made small payments over many years to pay offthe debt for purchasing the loom）， every six weeks he or she had to lay out 24guilders for the 2 pounds of raw silk required to make a piece of cloth. ■Thus access to cheap and plentiful primary materials was a constantpreoccupation for independent producers. ■Using local materials might alloweven the poorest among them to avoid reliance on merchant suppliers. ■Theloss of nearby sources could therefore be devastating. As silk cultivation wanedaround the Spanish cities of Cordoba and Toledo， weavers in these cities wereforced to become employees of merchants who put out raw silk from Valencia andMurcia provinces. In the Dutch Republic， merchants who imported unprocessedsalt from France， Portugal， and Spain gained control of the salt-refiningindustry once exploitation of local salt marshes was halted for fear that dikes（which held back the sea from the low-lying Dutch land） would be undermined.

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where thefollowing sentence can be added to the passage.

This was possible because when transportation costs werelow， the price of  raw materials was generally also low.

答案：D

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