2023年11月24日托福阅读考试机经 2023年6月托福写作机经

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本文目录一览：

• 1、2023年11月24日托福阅读考试机经
• 2、托福写作机经：科技改变生活
• 3、2023年6月托福写作机经

2023年11月24日托福阅读考试机经

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！
如果大家想要在托福考试中取得一个好成绩，那么就一定要重视阅读，怎样才能考出好成绩呢？接下来就和小钟老师看看2023年11月24日托福阅读考试机经。
Vocalization in Frogs
The Túngara frog is a small terrestrial vertebrate that is found in Central America. Túngara frogs breed in small pools， and breeding groups range from a single male to choruses of several hundred males. The advertisement call of a male Túngara frog is a strange noise， a whine that starts at a frequency of 900 hertz and sweeps downward to 400 hertz in about 400 milliseconds. The whine may be produced by itself， or it may be followed by one or several chucks or clucking sounds. When a male Túngara frog is calling alone in a pond， it usually gives only the whine portion of the call， but as additional males join a chorus， more and more of the frogs produce calls that include chucks. Scientists noted that male Túngara frogs calling in a breeding pond added chucks to their calls when they heard the recorded calls of other males played back. That observation suggested that it was the presence of other calling males that incited frogs to make their calls more complex by adding chucks to the end of the whine.

What advantage would a male frog in a chorus gain from using a whine-chuck call instead of a whine？
Perhaps the complex call is more attractive to female frogs than the simple call. Michael Ryan and Stanley Rand tested that hypothesis by placing female Túngara frogs in a test arena with a speaker at each side. One speaker broadcast a pre-recorded whine call， and the second speaker broadcast a whine-chuck. When female frogs were released individually in the center of the arena， fourteen of the fifteen frogs tested moved toward the speaker broadcasting the whine-chuck call.
If female frogs are attracted to whine-chuck calls in preference to whine calls， why do male frogs give whine-chuck calls only when other males are present？ Why not always give the most attractive call possible？ One possibility is that whine-chuck calls require more energy than whines， and males save energy by only using whine-chucks when competition with other males makes the energy expenditure necessary. However， measurements of the energy expenditure of calling male Túngara frogs showed that energy cost was not related to the number of chucks. Another possibility is that male frogs giving whine- chuck calls are more vulnerable to predators than frogs giving only whine calls. Túngara frogs in breeding choruses are preyed upon by a species of frog-eating bats， Trachops cirrhosus， and it was demonstrated that the bats locate the frogs by homing on their vocalizations.
In a series of playback experiments， Michael Ryan and Merlin Tuttle placed pairs of speakers in the forest and broadcast vocalizations of Túngara frogs. One speaker played a recording of a whine and the other a recording of a whine-chuck. The bats responded as if the speakers were frogs： they flew toward the speakers and even landed on them. In five experiments at different sites， the bats approached speakers broadcasting whine-chuck calls twice as frequently as those playing simple whines （168 approaches versus 81）. Thus， female frogs are not alone in finding whine-chuck calls more attractive than simple whines. An important predator of frogs also responds more strongly to the complex calls.
Ryan and his colleagues measured the rates of predation in Túngara frog choruses of different sizes. Large choruses of frogs did not attract more bats than small choruses， and consequently the risk of predation for
an individual frog was less in a large chorus than in a small one. Predation was an astonishing 19 percent of the frogs per night in the smallest chorus and a substantial 1.5 percent per night even in the largest chorus. When a male frog shifts from a simple whine to a whine-chuck call， it increases its chances of attracting a female， but it simultaneously increases its risk of attracting a predator. In small choruses， the competition from other males for females is relatively small， and the risk of predation is relatively large.
Under these conditions it is apparently advantageous for a male Túngara frog to give simple whines. However， as chorus size increases， competition with other males also increases while the risk of predation falls. In that situation， the advantage of giving a complex call apparently outweighs the risks.

希望以上的答复能对您的留学申请有所帮助。如果您有任何更详细的问题或需要进一步的协助，我强烈推荐您访问我们的留学官方网站 ，在那里您可以找到更多专业的留学考试规划和留学资料以及一对一的咨询服务。祝您留学申请顺利！

托福写作机经：科技改变生活

下面是托福栏目我为你带来的独立写作题目《 托福写作机经：科技改变生活 》，希望对你托福备考有所帮助。

独立写作题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvement for the quality of people's lives has already taken place. 重复2011.3.11NA

托福独立写作范文：

It has been argued that despite the continued advancement of science and technology, our lives have changed in a way that is more tremendous than ever. I, however, disagree.

First, environmental problems are still on the waiting list. Technology-dominated industrialization has generated such problems as global warming, acid rain and urban smog, all of which have given rise to a series of adverse effects—climate change, death of aquatic life and respiratory diseases. Although the quality of life has improved, there are still many things that could be improved in China, like safety and living conditions. If the most significant transformation in living standards has taken place, how is it possible that ecocide is still a real and ever-present danger?

Second, world peace still hangs by a thread. Take the Iraq War for example. It broke out eight years ago and since then Iraqis have been living in hell. Their homes are torched and destroyed and their families have been torn apart. It is certain that they have not received all the benefits of advanced technology. Superpowers are busy with nuclear experiments, but this advanced technology has brought anything but world peace. If the most significant transformation in living standards has taken place, how is it possible that some people on this planet are still in great agony?

Last, the pace of life is increasingly faster and shows no sign of slowing down. Undoubtedly, development in IT industries and communication devices has enabled people to enjoy more convenient lives. However, it is also the seemingly almighty technologies that have put people in suffering. Wherever you go, cell phones make it possible for your boss to spot you and give you more work, whether you like it or not. Computers, which give companies the ability to teleconference and conduct online interviews, have turned our homes into a mere extension of our offices. If the most significant transformation in living standards has taken place, how is it possible that people now are still suffering from deprived sleep, unbalanced diet and strained family relations?

All in all, science and technology have been and will continue to develop, but the fundamental transformation of our lives has not yet taken place.

以上就是托福栏目我为你带来的《托福写作机经：科技改变生活》，希望对你托福备考有所帮助。

蜕变培训网

2023年6月托福写作机经

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！
6月份的托福考试就快来了，那么考试机经有哪些呢？这是不少出国人士比较关心的问题，和小钟老师一起来看看2023年6月托福写作机经！欢迎阅读。
独立写作 Independent Writing – W2 170114CN（new）
As a student of university that has a long break between university semesters， the university requires all students to do one of the following for one month during the break：
1、Students must take a course on the subject that has no direct connection to their majors of study （ For example， a student majoring in engineering may take course in fine arts or social science.）
2、Students must volunteer to work in the university’s city or their hometowns to improve some aspects of life of the city or their own town. （ For example， students may help local primary school children with their homework.）
Which one do you think is more beneficial for students in their university？ Why？ Given detailed examples and reasons. Use your OWN words， do NOT use memorized examples.
170218CN（new） Sometimes we are assigned to work in a group on a project. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？ The group will be helped more by person who will be willing to do what other group members want than by person who often strongly insists that things should be done in a way that is different from what the group wants to do.
170304CN（new） Nowadays， many movies or films are based on books. Some people prefer to read the original book before they watch the movie， other prefer to watch the movie before reading the book. Which one do you prefer？
170325CN（new） Which one of the reason is most important in helping students to study in colleges and universities？
A、Having access to the university to tutors who can provide individual instruction for the students who have difficulty in study.
B、Having the help and encouragement from the family and friends.
C、Having an excellent teachers in high-school who can help the students before the university.、
Use your OWN words to illustrate you point. Don’t use your memorized examples.

希望以上的答复能对您的留学申请有所帮助。如果您有任何更详细的问题或需要进一步的协助，我强烈推荐您访问我们的留学官方网站 ，在那里您可以找到更多专业的留学考试规划和留学资料以及一对一的咨询服务。祝您留学申请顺利！

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